{"id":13901,"date":"2022-05-02T15:13:56","date_gmt":"2022-05-02T13:13:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.handsonmetrology.com\/?p=13901"},"modified":"2026-02-26T12:37:15","modified_gmt":"2026-02-26T11:37:15","slug":"automated-inspection-of-welds","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.handsonmetrology.com\/it\/blog\/automated-inspection-of-welds\/","title":{"rendered":"Automated weld inspection for quality assurance"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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Weld inspection<\/strong>: <\/strong>testing methods<\/strong> and automation<\/strong><\/h2>

A weld inspection is a key element of quality assurance in welding technology. Various test methods can be used to identify weld defects such as cracks or lack of fusion in welded joints. The new weld check package in the ZEISS INSPECT software allows for automated and standardized non-destructive testing of welds. Together with the hand-held ZEISS T-SCAN hawk 2, selected scan data can be evaluated with maximum convenience.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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What is a weld inspection?<\/strong><\/h2>

A weld inspection is used to check the quality of a component\u2019s welds. This quality control is particularly important to ensure that the welds are strong and can withstand the stresses of everyday use. A weld inspection can directly identify and evaluate defects or discontinuities in the welded joints, such as cracks, porosity, blowholes, foreign inclusions, incomplete penetration or deviations in shape and dimensions.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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How do you test welds?<\/strong><\/h2>

There are various weld inspection methods which can be roughly divided into non-destructive and destructive tests. To perform a non-destructive test (NDT) on the surface of a weld, the following methods are used: visual inspection, dye penetrant testing, eddy current testing or magnetic particle testing. Defects inside a welded joint can be identified non-destructively by way of X-ray or ultrasonic testing.<\/p>

When destructive testing methods are used for welds, the part is damaged, or even destroyed, to assess weld quality and detect weld defects. The welded joints are subjected to various tests, for example the tensile test, hardness test, bend test or corrosion test. This makes it possible to determine properties such as hardness, durability, or tensile strength. Destructive testing methods are often used for test objects and initial samples, while non-destructive testing of welds is used in serial production.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Non-destructive testing methods for welding<\/strong><\/h2>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Visual inspection<\/strong><\/h3>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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When visually inspecting welds, the weld is checked for any flaws that are visible to the naked eye using a few aids such as a magnifying glass, an endoscope, or a camera. This makes it possible to directly detect any obvious defects or deviations in shape and size.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Laser triangulation<\/strong><\/h3>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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With this method, laser points or beams and cameras with sensors are used to record the surface geometry of the weld. By evaluating the reflected light and the angle it hits the sensors, geometric defects such as warping or distortions in the weld can be identified. This technology makes it possible to assess the weld quality quickly and precisely.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Interferometry<\/strong><\/h3>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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This high-precision method uses light wave interference to detect the slightest irregularities and changes in the surface topography of the weld. By superimposing split and recombined light waves, an interference pattern is created that provides precise information about any surface defects. This technology is particularly suitable for safety-critical applications that require the highest quality standards.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Digital image processing<\/strong><\/h3>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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High-resolution cameras and the corresponding software can be used to develop automated testing procedures for quality control and evaluation of welds.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Magnetic particle inspection<\/strong><\/h3>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Surface cracks can be detected by magnetizing the part and applying magnetic powder to the weld. Flaws such as lack of fusion generate small leakage fields on the surface which attract the magnetic powder.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Dye penetrant inspection<\/strong><\/h3>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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During this weld inspection, a colored test agent is applied to the weld, which settles in cracks and makes them visible.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Eddy-current testing<\/h3>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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This weld inspection can be used to detect both surface and subsurface defects. Defects in the weld change the flow of magnetic currents, which is detected and interpreted by special testing devices.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Ultrasonic testing<\/h3>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Ultrasonic examinations can be used to detect discontinuities and flaws in the material. During ultrasonic testing, an ultrasonic transducer sends sound waves through the material, which are reflected at defective areas. The returning waves can be analyzed to precisely detect both surface and internal discontinuities.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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X-ray testing<\/h3>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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This method uses X-rays to illuminate the internal structure of the weld. Deviations in the material, such as pores or inclusions, absorb the X-rays differently and therefore appear as contrasts on the X-ray image.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Destructive test methods <\/strong>for <\/strong>welding<\/strong><\/h2>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Hardness test<\/h3>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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This weld inspection measures the resistance of the material to penetration by a solid object to evaluate the mechanical properties of the weld.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Tensile testing<\/h3>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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This technique involves stretching the part until it breaks apart at the weld. This makes it possible to determine the load capacity and strength of the weld.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Bend test<\/h3>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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In a bend test, the part is bent progressively until it breaks at the welded joint. This makes it possible to determine the quality and properties of the ductile deformation.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Corrosion testing<\/h3>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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This weld inspection tests the resistance of welded joints in corrosive environments. The part can be subjected to a salt spray test, an immersion test, condensation, electrochemistry, high temperatures and pressure or similar.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Automated vs manual <\/strong>visual inspection <\/strong>of <\/strong>welds<\/strong><\/h2>

Inspecting welds for defects is extremely important, as defective welds result in damaged parts or, in the worst case, the failure of entire welded structures. This can pose a high safety risk for both people and the environment. This is why many industries are obliged to carry out weld inspections. Depending on the test method and welding design, different standards apply to ensure the quality of welded joints and welding process tests.<\/p>

One of the most important and usually also the first weld inspection, the visual inspection, is carried out in accordance with DIN EN ISO 13018. As the name suggests, the surface of the weld is closely examined by trained specialists. This way, any obvious deviations in the shape, dimensions and surface structure can be detected straight away. However, there are a few challenges to overcome when visually inspecting welds. According to the ISO standard, the welded joint should be sufficiently illuminated to at least 500 lux. However, the rooms in which testing takes place are not always brightly lit and welds are often located in hard-to-reach areas of the part. This means that flashlights are often used. A range of manual measuring devices are also used, such as calipers, three-scale gauges, and seam gauges. The inspector uses these tools to take numerous measurements and then compares them with the permissibility criteria of the stipulated standard for the welding process test. Many manual steps mean a high potential for error. Visual testing takes a great deal of time, especially for poorly accessible welds, and the lack of a digital test report for the visual weld inspection also makes it difficult to trace and check for defects occurring later. Automated weld inspection could be the ideal solution to this problem. But is it even possible to automate and standardize these weld inspection procedures?<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Maximize the quality assurance of welds with ZEISS<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Stahlotec GmbH approached the team at #HandsOnMetrology, our 3D scanning network, with precisely this question. Together, we developed the new \u201cWeld Check\u201d software app. This allows for automated weld inspection in accordance with DIN EN ISO 5817 using 3D scanning and the ZEISS INSPECT testing software. This standard is used for the quality assessment of welded joints on steel, nickel, titanium, and their alloys. The hand-held ZEISS T-SCAN hawk 2<\/a> can be used to scan entire parts as well as smaller sections \u2013 including their welds. This way, the parts are digitized within seconds and ready for evaluation as a 3D model in the ZEISS INSPECT inspection software. The software detects any deviations from the target values using the new \u201cWeld Check\u201d function and evaluates them based on the set tolerances. This also makes it possible to reliably inspect welds in hard-to-reach areas.<\/p>\n

With the combination of the 3D scanning system and the \u201cWeld Check\u201d function in the ZEISS INSPECT software, automated visual weld inspection can be carried out on any part, regardless of size or shape. It is quick and easy to use. The hand-held T-SCAN hawk 2 is used to measure the part on which the welds to be inspected are located. The scanned data is then uploaded to the ZEISS INSPECT software. The next step is to inspect the welds. A simple curve is used in the software to select the weld to be inspected. The inspector can then define any number of sections e.g. all at a distance of 10mm. These sections can then be evaluated with the new \u201cWeld Check\u201d function. This function automatically stores all characteristics of DIN standard 5817 and not only checks them at the click of a mouse, but also classifies them directly according to the corresponding evaluation categories B, C or D. Green means the standards have been met, orange indicates that the weld is just within the permissible tolerance and red means that it does not meet the criteria.<\/p>\n

When inspecting the individual features, ZEISS INSPECT can be used to create separate reports or an overall log of all features of the visual weld inspection. This makes it possible to digitally document all visual inspections carried out with the creation of inspection reports for each weld. If a reference has been stored in the software, for example a CAD model or a 3D scan, the position and completeness of the welds can also be checked. The sample scan can then be saved as a template and used as a benchmark for series inspection.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\t\t\tGet started with automated weld inspection now\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\tIf you are interested in integrating automated weld inspection into your processes or would like to learn more about 3D scanning systems, simply contact support@handsonmetrology.com. You can also use this email address to request a demo for the Weld Check app, which is available in the Pro license of the ZEISS INSPECT software.\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\tRequest demo\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The new Weld Check app in ZEISS INSPECT ensures automated and standardized inspections of welds. Together with the T-SCAN hawk 2, selected scan data can be evaluated with maximum comfort.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":11744,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"cybocfi_hide_featured_image":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1,727,1073],"tags":[765],"resource_application":[1291,1287,1281],"resource_industry":[1305,1315,1311,1303,1313,1307,1309,1295,1301],"resource_products":[1331,1317],"resource_formats":[1357,1351],"industry":[767],"use-case":[823],"topic":[781,785,787],"class_list":["post-13901","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-allgemein","category-3d-inspection","category-gom-inspect","tag-hero","resource_application-reverse-engineering","resource_application-mro-maintenance-repair-and-overhaul","resource_application-prototyping","resource_industry-aerospace","resource_industry-automotive-nev","resource_industry-power-energy","resource_industry-electronics","resource_industry-medical","resource_industry-metal-products","resource_industry-machinery","resource_industry-transportation","resource_industry-consumer-goods","resource_products-zeiss-inspect","resource_products-software","resource_formats-learn","resource_formats-blog-article","industry-welding-industry","use-case-3d-inspection","topic-general-interest","topic-automation","topic-software"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.handsonmetrology.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13901","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.handsonmetrology.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.handsonmetrology.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.handsonmetrology.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/9"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.handsonmetrology.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13901"}],"version-history":[{"count":113,"href":"https:\/\/www.handsonmetrology.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13901\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":67715,"href":"https:\/\/www.handsonmetrology.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13901\/revisions\/67715"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.handsonmetrology.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/11744"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.handsonmetrology.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13901"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.handsonmetrology.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13901"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.handsonmetrology.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13901"},{"taxonomy":"resource_application","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.handsonmetrology.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_application?post=13901"},{"taxonomy":"resource_industry","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.handsonmetrology.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_industry?post=13901"},{"taxonomy":"resource_products","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.handsonmetrology.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_products?post=13901"},{"taxonomy":"resource_formats","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.handsonmetrology.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_formats?post=13901"},{"taxonomy":"industry","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.handsonmetrology.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/industry?post=13901"},{"taxonomy":"use-case","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.handsonmetrology.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/use-case?post=13901"},{"taxonomy":"topic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.handsonmetrology.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/topic?post=13901"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}